Bullying in Elementary Schools: Differences across Countries in the Persian Gulf

نویسندگان

چکیده

The current research aimed to examine the similarities and differences in bullying prevalence across six member states of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates. Level tests require measurement invariance be met before they can performed. In 2019, 45k people participated provided data for Trends International Mathematics Science Study (TIMMS). When exact (MI) protocols failed, alignment methodology was used analyze data. After ensuring via free method, findings revealed statistically significant prevalence; specifically, levels were significantly lower Arabia compared all other countries. Emirates ranked second, with second-lowest rates, which also rates As a whole, had lowest levels, followed by UAE, Qatar. Although absolute difference between countries only modest, further into causes, consequences, preventative measures is warranted.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Children (Basel)

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2227-9067']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071108